DSM-IV Axis IV: Psychosocial and Environmental Problems
Problems with primary support group Specify
(e.g., Death of family member; health problems in family; disruption
of family by separation, divorce or estrangement; removal from the
home; remarriage of parent; sexual or physical abuse; parental
overprotection; neglect of child; inadequate discipline; discord with
siblings; birth of a sibling)
Problems related to the social environment
Specify
(e.g., death of loss of friend; inadequate social
support; living alone; difficulty with acculturation; discrimination;
adjustment to life-cycle transition (such as retirement,
menopause)
Educational problems Specify
(e.g.,
illiteracy; academic problems; discord with teachers or classmates;
inadequate school environment)
Occupational problems Specify
(e.g.,
unemployment; threat of job loss; stressful work schedule; difficult
work conditions; job dissatisfaction; job change; discord with boss
or co-workers)
Housing problems Specify
(e.g.,
homelessness; inadequate housing; unsafe neighbourhood; discord with
neighbours or landlord)
Economic problems Specify
(e.g., extreme
poverty; inadequate finances; insufficient welfare support)
Problems with access to health care services
Specify
(e.g., inadequate health care services;
transportation to health care facilities unavailable; inadequate
health insurance)
Problems related to interaction with the legal
system/crime Specify
(e.g., arrest; incarceration;
litigation; vicitm of crime)
Other psychosocial and environmental problems
Specify
(e.g., exposure to disasters, war, other
hostilities; discord with nonfamily caregivers such as counselor,
social worker, or physician; unavailability of social service
agencies)